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Arming Subsaharan Africa (2011-2020)
Hoza, František ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
Most countries in sub-Saharan Africa lack the capacity to produce arms and military equipment, so they are fully dependent on arms imports. At the same time, the arms trade has a strong political dimension, which is a huge volume beyond the financial trade itself. The aim of this work is to provide a descriptive analysis of the armament of sub-Saharan Africa between 2011 and 2020. This work uses data to define the largest exporters and importers in the region over a period of time and examines the effects of various variables on arms imports and exports to sub-Saharan Africa. Data for analysis were collected from a publicly available databank such as The World Databank or SIPRI. R studio with the assistance of ggplot2 and tidyverse packages was used to analyze and process all data. Thanks to this analysis, we found that, contrary to previously stated hypotheses, Chinese arms imports to sub-Saharan Africa are no longer growing than Russia, and Russia is still the largest arms exporter to the region. Some data suggest that there are correlations between arms imports into the region and war conflicts, which cause the two variables to interact.
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Arming Subsaharan Africa (2011-2020)
Hoza, František ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
Most countries in sub-Saharan Africa lack the capacity to produce arms and military equipment, so they are fully dependent on arms imports. At the same time, the arms trade has a strong political dimension, which is a huge volume beyond the financial trade itself. The aim of this work is to provide a descriptive analysis of the armament of sub-Saharan Africa between 2011 and 2020. This work uses data to define the largest exporters and importers in the region over a period of time and examines the effects of various variables on arms imports and exports to sub-Saharan Africa. Data for analysis were collected from a publicly available databank such as The World Databank or SIPRI. R studio with the assistance of ggplot2 and tidyverse packages was used to analyze and process all data. Thanks to this analysis, we found that, contrary to previously stated hypotheses, Chinese arms imports to sub-Saharan Africa are no longer growing than Russia, and Russia is still the largest arms exporter to the region. Some data suggest that there are correlations between arms imports into the region and war conflicts, which cause the two variables to interact.
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Legal limits of the cross-border movement of military materials
Matocha, Jakub ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
Legal limits of the cross-border movement of military materials The global trade with military materials is an important, however often under- researched, area of academic enquiry. Such attitude is not correct, because in fact it is a massive global industry in which also Czech companies play a significant role. Given the newspaper headlines and statements of arms dealer, it is obvious there have long been unsolved problems burdening arms dealers caused especially by an inappropriate legal framework. This theses aims to provide an analysis of legal framework in respect to cross-border movement of military materials covering especially European and Czech legislation focusing on its potential limits arising and important for arms dealers. On a global international level the Arms Trade Treaty and other relevant treaties regulating international trade with military materials are identified and described. Attention is also paid to limitations of arms trade such as embargoes or restrictive measures imposed by the UN and the EU respectively as well as to limitations resulting from domestic and European legislation or from its different interpretation. In view of different legal framework this thesis strictly distinguishes whether a movement is realized, while particular law is adequately reflected. There...
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Growing Role of China in African Security
Květová, Lenka ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Werkman, Kateřina (referee)
Chinese economic expansion in Africa is a widely discussed topic, but less academic attention is being paid to the role China plays in African security. Since the late 1990s Chinese activity in Africa had been growing rapidly. Beijing's interests are predominantly economic, mostly represented by market seeking and foreign direct investments, and political, generally perceived as a mutual support in international organizations. The thesis focuses on the traditional principle of non-interference in how Chinese policy towards African security has been evolving together with growing Chinese interests on the continent. The People's Republic of China influences African security matters in four areas: diplomatic involvement, arms deals, support and financing, and military cooperation. By analyzing those areas with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, concrete cases have been identified, when China interfered in internal affairs of particular states, thus altering its policy of non- interference towards more pragmatic and case by case based approach.
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Legal aspects of the international trade of arms
Kejzlar, Pavel ; Pomahač, Richard (referee) ; Mikule, Leoš (referee)
The aim of my rigorous thesis is to describe issue of regulation of the international trade of arms focused on the Czech legal regulation. Rigorous thesis is focused on the basic information in the field of the legal and illegal arm trafficking. First part (chapter 1, 2, 3) concerns the security risks of trade of arms, maps the development of the arm trafficking, the present state of this area and structure of the arm trafficking. The second part (chapter 4, 5, 6) describes the legal framework of the international trade of arms. It is focused on the international legal regulations including regimes of control, communitary law and country legislation. There is given the analysis of the particular field concerning the arm trafficking and at the end there is always given a part of the administrative punishment. The end of the second part does not miss the comparison of the legal regulation within the neighbouring countries. Next part (chapter 7) refers about the topic by criminally legal protection. Generally there are described facts given by Penal Code with referenc to its amend. Conclusions are drawn in the last part (chapter 8). There is summarized the findings about problems with regulation of the international trade of arms and their possible solutions.
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Military interventions in civil wars: the role of foreign direct investments and proxy interventions in the motivation to intervene
Klosek, Kamil Christoph ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Schneider, Gerald (referee) ; Nascimento, Daniela (referee)
The current international system with its emphasis on state sovereignty was designed to restrain interference in domestic affairs by other states. However, this notion has been repeatedly challenged throughout the past 70 years by states intervening with military instruments in internal armed conflicts. Possible motives that led states to jeopardize the lives of their soldiers and convinced them to bear the costs of interventions have engendered a rich debate in the studies of International Relations and Peace and Conflict Studies. In this dissertation, two arguments based on the logic of the realist theory of international relations are brought forward to augment our understanding of factors contributing to military interventionism. First, it is shown that economic linkages between states transcend the debate on trade and include the effects of foreign direct investment on their willingness to intervene by force. Corporate investment is shown to significantly raise the willingness of states to intervene when existing FDI is endangered by the dynamics unfolding during internal armed conflicts. Second, great powers are apt to harness other states to alter the conflict dynamics in civil wars. Applying the principal-agent framework in combination with the logic of arms trade allows identifying unequal...
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Russian foreign policy and eastern vector
Literáková, Adéla ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis Russian foreign policy and eastern vector is to find out how much Russian strategy in Asia contributed to fulfil stated political goal - to reduce power of the United States of America in the world. In the middle of the 1990's, the Russian foreign policy changed the direction from the western oriented policy into the multivectoral one. The most important role got the eastern vector - mainly India and People's Republic of China. Russia considered the good relations with those countries as a condition to enforce and to protect its national interests. The main political goal of Russia was to limit the power of the United Stated of America in international affairs. The first chapter presents the approach of Russian foreign policy in the 1990's and describes why Russia started to aim at eastern vector. The second chapter explains the Russian policy in Asia. The third chapter describes in detail relations between Moscow and Beijing and the cause of the growing importance of People's Republic of China in Russian foreign policy in 1990's.
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Russian international arms trade: Opportunism or strategy?
Jaroš, Milan ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
This master's thesis focuses on Russian international trade of conventional weapons. Arms trade had played an important role during the Cold War as a tool to gain influence. Currently, Russia is using it to regain the influence it had lost after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in various regions around the world. At the same time, Russia is the second largest arms exporter after the United States. The thesis briefly addresses past Russian arms trade, but the main focus is on the decade between 2010 and 2020. It answers the question whether Russia currently uses its arms trade opportunistically to only maximalise its economic profit or whether it serves as a part of a larger strategy to balance the influence of the United States. The work focuses on Asia, the MENA region, and Latin America. It analyses circumstances surrounding arms deliveries from Russia into the countries in these regions. The thesis consists of several case studies, which illustrate the evolution of Russian approach towards arms trade. It reaches the conclusion that, for Russia, international arms trade is an important tool to help reach its foreign policy goals. Russia maintains strong and stable relations with the most important trade partners to support its defence industry. At the same time, other countries receive...
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Mezinárodní obchod se zbraněmi: Případová studie Angola
Zassadskaya, Olessya
The topic of this thesis was the International arms trade: The effect on the development of Angola. The aim was to find out how the international arms trade contributed to the political and military situation in Angola in times of war among political opponents in the country. The contents of the theoretical part has been elaborated as a literature search using a specialized book of literature and expert sources having a relationship with the international arms trade. The practical part deals with the analysis of essential data connected to arm import to Angola relating to UN peacekeeping operations in Angola and the effects of these operations on the ground.
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Military interventions in civil wars: the role of foreign direct investments and proxy interventions in the motivation to intervene
Klosek, Kamil Christoph ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Schneider, Gerald (referee) ; Nascimento, Daniela (referee)
The current international system with its emphasis on state sovereignty was designed to restrain interference in domestic affairs by other states. However, this notion has been repeatedly challenged throughout the past 70 years by states intervening with military instruments in internal armed conflicts. Possible motives that led states to jeopardize the lives of their soldiers and convinced them to bear the costs of interventions have engendered a rich debate in the studies of International Relations and Peace and Conflict Studies. In this dissertation, two arguments based on the logic of the realist theory of international relations are brought forward to augment our understanding of factors contributing to military interventionism. First, it is shown that economic linkages between states transcend the debate on trade and include the effects of foreign direct investment on their willingness to intervene by force. Corporate investment is shown to significantly raise the willingness of states to intervene when existing FDI is endangered by the dynamics unfolding during internal armed conflicts. Second, great powers are apt to harness other states to alter the conflict dynamics in civil wars. Applying the principal-agent framework in combination with the logic of arms trade allows identifying unequal...
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